Overview
Night noise fragments sleep without necessarily waking you, which is why the problem is easy to miss and hard to self-diagnose. The evidence base is solid on the exposure side: WHO's 2018 environmental noise guidelines set night-time targets of 45 dB for road traffic, 44 dB for rail, and 40 dB for aircraft, drawn from a systematic review of noise and sleep. That research measures transportation noise outside dwellings, not the hum of your own air handler, and it cannot tell you how much a specific retrofit will improve your sleep. So measure your room before buying anything, and fix sources in order of cost.
Evidence level
Supported. Useful evidence exists, but outcomes or dosing vary. How Compound evaluates evidence
Sources